Repositorio INAIGEM
Glaciares y Ecosistemas de Montaña
El Repositorio Digital del INAIGEM es una plataforma de acceso abierto que preserva, organiza y difunde documentos científicos generados por nuestra institución, relacionados con el estudio de glaciares, ecosistemas de montaña y cambio climático. Facilita el acceso al conocimiento, promoviendo la conservación y gestión sostenible de los recursos de montaña para el bienestar de la sociedad
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Día Mundial de los Glaciares 2025
(Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Glaciares y Ecosistemas de Montaña, 2025) Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Glaciares y Ecosistemas de Montaña
Los glaciares son masas de hielo que se forman a lo largo de cientos o miles de años y desempeñan un papel crucial en la regulación del clima y el suministro de agua dulce. Su derretimiento progresivo, impulsado por el cambio climático, afecta la disponibilidad de agua para el consumo humano, la agricultura y la generación de energía. Además, su desaparición impacta la biodiversidad, altera los ecosistemas de montaña y pone en riesgo las comunidades que dependen de ellos. Los glaciares también poseen un gran valor cultural y turístico, siendo parte de la identidad de muchas poblaciones y una fuente de desarrollo económico.
En el marco del Día Mundial de los Glaciares (21 de marzo de 2025) y el Año Internacional de la Conservación de los Glaciares, el INAIGEM resalta la preocupante reducción de los glaciares en el Perú, donde se encuentra el 68% de los glaciares tropicales del mundo. En las últimas seis décadas, 1,514 glaciares han desaparecido, dando lugar a la formación de 317 nuevas lagunas. Ante esta situación, el INAIGEM realiza estudios y monitoreo de los glaciares para proponer estrategias de adaptación y conservación, invitando a la ciudadanía a sumarse a la protección de estos ecosistemas vitales.
Retroceso glaciar en los andes peruanos durante las últimas seis décadas
(2025-03) Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Glaciares y Ecosistemas de Montaña; INAIGEM
RETROCESO GLACIAR EN LOS ANDES PERUANOS DURANTE LAS ÚLTIMAS SEIS DÉCADAS
Landslide hazard assessment and risk reduction in the rural community of Rampac Grande, Cordillera Negra, Peru
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2023-12-22) Jan Klimeš; Jan Novotný; Jan Balek; Ana Marlene Rosario; Juan C. Torres-Lázaro; Roque Vargas; Darwing López; Yeny Obispo; Edgardo Roldán-Minaya; Adriana Caballero; Harrinson W. Jara; Hilbert Villafane; Enver Melgarejo
This article describes the landslide risk assessment of the Rampac Grande rural community in the Peruvian Andes, where an unexpectedly fast-moving landslide claimed fatalities in 2009. The study site represents a socially, culturally, and geologically challenging environment that limits applicable technical solutions for landslide risk reduction and demands a high level of community participation in all risk reduction steps. The performed landslide surface movement monitoring and slope stability calculations showed that the studied slopes are very close to failure. Therefore, the detailed hazard assessment was combined with field investigations of household vulnerabilities to perform a qualitative risk assessment in the zone around the 2009 catastrophic landslide. Results show that the high vulnerability, rather than the very high hazard, is responsible for assigning houses to the high-risk classes and education or improvement of the households’ income is key for further risk reduction. This underlines the importance of vulnerability reduction through the collaboration of the community members with external actors (e.g., Peruvian experts), which was interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. The context of the performed landslide risk assessment provides a summary of the 12-year-long involvement of different actors in the landslide risk reduction effort and the evaluation of the effectiveness of the previously adopted mitigation measures. It suggests that the community perspective on the mitigation measures and its risk perception changes determine the long-term risk reduction outcomes.
Assessing Peru’s Land Monitoring System Contributions towards Fulfilment of Its International Environmental Commitments
(MDPI AG, 2024-02-08) Tatiana Erika Boza Espinoza; Norma Salinas; Eric G. Cosio; Richard Tito; Alex Nina-Quispe; Rosa María Roman-Cuesta
Land use change (LUC) is recognized as one of the major drivers of the global loss of biodiversity and represents a major threat to ecosystems. Deforestation through LUC is mainly driven by fire regimes, logging, farming (cropping and ranching), and illegal mining, which are closely linked with environmental management policies. Efficient land management strategies, however, require reliable and robust information. Land monitoring is one such approach that can provide critical information to coordinate policymaking at the global, regional, and local scales, and enable a programmed implementation of shared commitments under the Rio Conventions: the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), and Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Here we use Peru as a case study to evaluate how a land monitoring system enables environmental policy decisions which appear in the country’s international commitment reports. Specifically, we synthesize how effective the ongoing land monitoring system has been in responding to current and future environmental challenges; and how improvements in land monitoring can assist in the achievement of national commitments under the Rio Conventions. We find that Peruvian policies and commitments need to be improved to be consistent with the 1.5 °C temperature limit of the Paris agreement. Regarding the Aichi targets, Peru has achieved 17% land area with sustainable management; however, the funding deficit is a great challenge. Even though Peru commits to reducing GHG emissions by reducing LUC and improving agricultural and land use forestry practices, it needs policy improvements in relation to land tenure, governance, and equity. Potential explanations for the observed shortcomings include the fragmentation and duplication of government roles across sectors at both a national and regional scale.
Future changes of precipitation types in the Peruvian Andes
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-09-30) Valeria Llactayo; Jairo Valdivia; Christian Yarleque; Stephany Callañaupa; Elver Villalobos-Puma; David Guizado; Robert Alvarado-Lugo
In high-altitude regions, such as the Peruvian Andes, understanding the transformation of precipitation types under climate change is critical to the sustainability of water resources and the survival of glaciers. In this study, we investigate the distribution and types of precipitation on a tropical glacier in the Peruvian Central Andes. We utilized data from an optical-laser disdrometer and compact weather station installed at 4709 m ASL, combined with future climate scenarios from the CMIP6 project, to model potential future changes in precipitation types. Our findings highlight that increasing temperatures could lead to significant reductions in solid-phase precipitation, including snow, graupel and hail, with implications for the mass balance of Andean glaciers. For instance, a 2 °C rise might result in less than 10% of precipitation as solid, in regard to the present day, transforming the hydrological processes of the region. The two future climate scenarios from the CMIP6 project, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, offer a broad perspective on potential climate outcomes that could impact precipitation patterns in the Andes. Our study underscores the need to revisit and expand our understanding of high-altitude precipitation in the face of climate change, paving the way for improved water resource management strategies and sustainable glacier preservation efforts in these fragile ecosystems.