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Ítem A pre-Inca pot from underwater ruins discovered in an Andean lake provides a sedimentary record of marked hydrological change(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019-12-16) Neal Michelutti; Preston Sowell; Pedro M. Tapia; Christopher Grooms; Martin Polo; Alexandra Gambetta; Carlos Ausejo; John P. SmolPre-Hispanic artifacts and sacred architecture were recently discovered submerged in a large lake (Laguna Sibinacocha) in the Peruvian Andes. The underwater ruins indicate a dramatic shift in the region’s hydrology but the timing and triggers of this shift remain unknown. In a novel approach blending archaeology and paleoecology, we analyzed a sediment sequence from within one of the recovered artifacts, specifically a pot from the Late Intermediate Period (~1000–1400 CE). Radioisotopic dating of discrete sediment intervals sampled from the pot show a stratigraphically intact profile that preserves a history of change at this site. The pot’s basal sediment age places the timing of lake-level rise during the late ~1600s CE, which post-dates the end of the Inca Empire (1400–1532 CE) by approximately 150 years. The ubiquity of planktonic algae throughout the sediment profile suggests water levels remained high above the pot since its submergence. Paleoclimate data from the nearby Quelccaya ice core records indicate lake flooding followed a pronounced wet period beginning ~1520 CE. These data show the permanence of mean state changes in climate on the region’s hydrology, with clear implications for the study site (an important water resource for ~500,000 people) and other lakes in the rapidly warming Andes.Ítem A pre-Inca pot from underwater ruins discovered in an Andean lake provides a sedimentary record of marked hydrological change(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019-12-16) Neal Michelutti; Preston Sowell; Pedro M. Tapia; Christopher Grooms; Martin Polo; Alexandra Gambetta; Carlos Ausejo; John P. SmolPre-Hispanic artifacts and sacred architecture were recently discovered submerged in a large lake (Laguna Sibinacocha) in the Peruvian Andes. The underwater ruins indicate a dramatic shift in the region’s hydrology but the timing and triggers of this shift remain unknown. In a novel approach blending archaeology and paleoecology, we analyzed a sediment sequence from within one of the recovered artifacts, specifically a pot from the Late Intermediate Period (~1000–1400 CE). Radioisotopic dating of discrete sediment intervals sampled from the pot show a stratigraphically intact profile that preserves a history of change at this site. The pot’s basal sediment age places the timing of lake-level rise during the late ~1600s CE, which post-dates the end of the Inca Empire (1400–1532 CE) by approximately 150 years. The ubiquity of planktonic algae throughout the sediment profile suggests water levels remained high above the pot since its submergence. Paleoclimate data from the nearby Quelccaya ice core records indicate lake flooding followed a pronounced wet period beginning ~1520 CE. These data show the permanence of mean state changes in climate on the region’s hydrology, with clear implications for the study site (an important water resource for ~500,000 people) and other lakes in the rapidly warming Andes.Ítem Ecological Change and Livestock Governance in a Peruvian National Park(MDPI AG, 2023-11-11) Kenneth Young; Eyner Alata; Rodney Chimner; Randall Boone; Gillian Bowser; Laura Bourgeau-Chavez; Beatriz Fuentealba; Jessica Gilbert; Javier Ñaupari; Molly Polk; Sigrid Resh; Cecilia Turin; Melody Zarria-SamanamudWhile the grazing of livestock has occurred for millennia in the Andes, current sustainability debates center on concerns with co-managing climate change and pastoralism. These discussions have special resonance in places protected by the state for biodiversity, scenery, and sustainable and traditional land uses, such as those found in protected areas and biosphere reserves. For this article, we integrate data from a social-ecological research project on the land use systems that affect high-elevation ecosystems in Peru’s Huascarán National Park, with special emphasis on the wetlands. We used land cover and land use data and insights from interactions with pastoralists to show that (1) wet meadows dominate the lower reaches of the park, while peatlands predominate above 4000 m elevation; (2) wet meadows are most useful for traditional grazing systems, while the peatlands are especially susceptible to trampling by livestock; and (3) there is limited ecological space at the highest elevations for the successful future upward relocation of either land use or potential habitats for species identified as of concern. We explore the implications of these findings for the adaptive strategies of biophysical and social processes in terms of livelihoods and biodiversity in and around a protected area. We conclude that there are many additional opportunities to be explored to inform the management of ecosystem services and provide improvements for the adaptive capacity of communities and park managers.Ítem Differing limnological responses to late Holocene climate variability in the Cordillera Vilcanota, Peruvian Andes(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020-05-19) Neal Michelutti; Pedro M. Tapia; Christopher Grooms; Andrew L. Labaj; John P. SmolIn recent decades, climate change in Peru’s Cordillera Vilcanota has resulted in massive reductions to its cryosphere and the upslope migration of species and agriculture. Little, however, is known about the response of the region’s many lakes that support local biodiversity and supply water to downstream populations. We analyzed fossil diatom assemblages in dated sediment cores from three lakes with differing morphometry and catchment characteristics to document the limnological response to climate variability over the late Holocene. The study lakes contained similar dominant diatom taxa but recorded markedly different assemblage shifts over time. The two deeper lakes, Laguna Sibinacocha (zmax = 92 m) and Chaca Cocha (zmax = 18 m), contained diatom assemblages that oscillated in dominance between benthic fragilarioids (Staurosirella pinnata, Pseudostaurosira brevistriata) and the planktonic Discostella stelligera. The Chaca Cocha diatom record closely matched the mean state changes in climate inferred from independent proxy records, whereas the record from the glacially influenced Laguna Sibinacocha did not match independent records. In contrast, the shallow study site, Lado del Quelccaya (zmax = 5 m), recorded a complacent diatom profile dominated by benthic fragilarioids with negligible planktonic taxa. The disparate diatom trajectories among the study lakes reflect variations in morphometry and glacial influence and the assemblage shifts appear best explained by climate-driven alterations to thermal stratification. These data offer insight into the primary mechanisms driving limnological change in this region and how different lake types throughout the Andes may respond to future warming.Ítem GC Insights: Lessons from participatory water quality research in the upper Santa River basin, Peru(Copernicus GmbH, 2024-06-27) Sally Rangecroft; Caroline Clason; Rosa Maria Dextre; Isabel Richter; Claire Kelly; Cecilia Turin; Claudia V. Grados-Bueno; Beatriz Fuentealba; Mirtha Camacho Hernandez; Sergio Morera Julca; John Martin; John Adam GuyAquí compartimos cuatro lecciones clave de un proyecto interdisciplinario (Nuestro Río) que recopiló perspectivas comunitarias sobre la calidad del agua local en la cuenca del río Santa (Perú) mediante un enfoque tecnológico digital. Recopilamos datos a través de una novedosa aplicación de captura de imágenes, con el apoyo de una campaña de trabajo de campo. Las lecciones exploradas en este artículo ofrecen perspectivas sobre los desafíos y las oportunidades para los investigadores que consideran desarrollar herramientas tecnológicas para fomentar la participación y el compromiso en comunidades marginadasÍtem A new species of Polylepis (Rosaceae) from the Oxapampa-Asháninka-Yánesha Biosphere Reserve, Perú(Magnolia Press, 2025-08-01) LUIS VALENZUELA GAMARRA; TATIANA ERIKA BOZA ESPINOZAA new species of Polylepis from the humid Puna in the Oxapampa-Asháninka-Yánesha Biosphere Reserve (BIOAY), Pasco Region, Perú, is described and illustrated. This species was found between 3700–3850 m elevation, on Rocky Mountains, in small patches or relict forests of the buffer zone of Yanachaga Chemillén National Park. Polylepis yanesha is similar to P. rocio-rojasii but differs because the leaves have much smaller oblong-elliptic leaflets, the abaxial surface is densely lanuginose with scattered filiform glandular trichomes of golden yellow resin, shorter and thinner petioles, the inflorescence is short, axillary, pendulous, 4.0–8.0 cm long with 5–8 flowers, a greater number of stamens, 17–23; the fruits are much smaller, rounded-ovoid to cylindrical achenes, with short, blunt-tipped spines. We also present details on its geographic distribution, ecological notes, a key to differentiating species of the genus Polylepis sect. Sericeae, a comparative table of characteristics between similar species, and an assessment of the conservation status of the new species.Ítem Five New Species of Passiflora (subgenus Decaloba, Passifloraceae) from Peru(Magnolia Press, 2025-08-28) TATIANA ERIKA BOZA ESPINOZA; JOHN M. MACDOUGAL; PETER MØLLER JØRGENSENFive new species of Passiflora (Passifloraceae) endemic to Peru are described and illustrated: Passiflora luyensis, P. hexadenia, P. pilpintu, P. chachapoyensis, and P. coronapapillata. Conservation assessments and geographic distributions for each species are provided. They are compared to similar species and assigned to subgenus Decaloba section Decaloba.Ítem Redistribution of precipitation in the Polylepis weberbaueri canopy(Taylor & Francis Online, 2026-05-24) Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Glaciares y Ecosistemas de Montaña; Lujano Laura, Efraín; Arroyo Alfaro, Sandra Jackeline; Quispe Ccajavilca, Cristian Evelio; Mallqui Meza, Helder Edegardo; INAIGEM"Los bosques de Polylepis son fundamentales para la regulación hídrica en los ecosistemas altoandinos. Este estudio analizó la redistribución de la precipitación en el dosel de Polylepis weberbaueri en los Andes peruanos, evaluando la variabilidad de los eventos de lluvia y las relaciones ecohidrológicas asociadas. Se registró la precipitación total (P) y la precipitación que atraviesa el dosel o throughfall (TF), mientras que la interceptación del dosel (CI) se estimó como la diferencia entre ambas variables. Las relaciones se analizaron mediante correlaciones de Spearman y modelos cuadráticos. Los resultados evidenciaron un predominio de eventos de precipitación de intensidad baja y moderada. El dosel interceptó el 36 % de la precipitación total, mientras que el 64 % alcanzó el suelo como TF. La proporción TF/P aumentó conforme se incrementaron la intensidad y la duración de los eventos de lluvia, mientras que la proporción CI/P disminuyó. Asimismo, se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre la precipitación total, la duración y la intensidad de los eventos, y los componentes TF y CI (ρ = 0,71–0,98; p < 0,001). Estos hallazgos resaltan el papel regulador del dosel de P. weberbaueri en la dinámica hídrica de los ecosistemas altoandinos y destacan su importancia como infraestructura natural para mitigar los efectos de los cambios en los regímenes de precipitación asociados al cambio climático."Ítem A Conceptual Model for Rehabilitation of Puna Grassland Social–Ecological Systems(Mountain Research and Development (MRD), 2023-12-29) Angela Mendoza-Ato; Julio C. Postigo; Geydi Choquehuayta-A; Renny Daniel DiazThe impacts of both climate change and socioeconomic processes are driving the degradation of mountains and the ecological services they provide worldwide. In the tropical Andes, compounding glacier retreat, altered hydrological and precipitation regimes (eg off-season alternation of extreme dry and wet periods), and expansion of mining and other land uses are modifying hydrological services. Although initiatives to restore ecosystems and their services are increasing, conceptual models emerging from experiences on the ground are scarce. Based upon the experience of Peru's National Institute for Research on Glaciers and Mountain Ecosystems (INAIGEM) in the Piuray Ccorimarca microbasin (Cusco) in combining participatory action research and experiments at the plot scale, this article elaborates a conceptual model for the rehabilitation of hydrological services on the social–ecological systems of puna grassland. The model proposes multiscale (plot–pilot–microbasin) rehabilitation. At each level, the actions proposed include designing plots, selecting sites, implementing restoration activities, and evaluating and monitoring the sites. Our inductive model from the ground and plot can inform rehabilitation of hydrological services on puna grasslands elsewhere.